Cable selection for capacitors

Cable selection for capacitors
Updated: | 6 min read

Technical Articles

Switchgear and cable selection for capacitor application is quite challenging. The reason is the capacitive networks are more prone to over-current, high peak inrush current and continuous flow of full load current. Usually the capacitors are designed to withstand and operate normally, even during the above said abnormalities, for a finite amount of time. Hence, the switchgear and cables in the capacitor network should be rated accordingly, so as to withstand & operate normally during these abnormalities.


The capacitors draw occurs because of the harmonics, capacitance tolerances, voltage variation and frequency variation. The permitted over-current is up to 146% of the rated current, which comprises the following:


  • Harmonics overload and over voltage - 30%
  • Capacitance tolerance - 10%
  • Frequency variation - 2%


Accordingly, the cables should also be derated, to continuously withstand permitted over-current. The derated cable will also help in withstanding the electrical and thermal stresses that occur during every switching cycle because of high inrush current.

Following is the recommended cable selection chart


Capacitor rating (kVAr) IN at the rated voltage (in A) Derated IN at the rated voltage (in A) Minimum recommended copper cable size** (sq.mm)
440 V 415 V 440 V 415 V
1 1.31 1.39 1.92 2.03 0.5
2 2.62 2.78 3.83 4.06 0.5
3 3.94 4.17 5.75 6.09 0.75
4 5.25 5.56 7.66 8.12 1.0
5 6.56 6.96 9.58 10.16 1.0
6 7.87 8.35 11.49 12.19 2.5
7.5 9.84 10.43 14.37 15.23 2.5
8.3 10.89 11.55 15.90 16.86 2.5
10 13.12 13.91 19.16 20.31 4.0
12.5 16.40 17.39 23.95 25.39 4.0
15 19.68 20.87 28.74 30.47 6.0
20 26.24 27.82 38.32 40.62 10.0
25 32.80 34.78 47.90 50.78 16.0*
30 39.37 41.74 57.47 60.94 25.0
50 65.61 69.56 95.79 101.56 35.0
75 98.41 104.34 143.69 152.34 70.0
100 131.22 139.12 191.58 203.12 95.0

** Cross section values mentioned above are guidelines that are valid for operation under normal conditions & at ambient temperature of 40° C.


* Use spreader while using 16 sq. mm cable

Busbar selection in APFC panels can be done with the standard calculations for short circuit withstand capability and temperature rise (current density). The only assumption is that the rated current should be considered as 146% the total capacitor rated current.


It is recommended to use capacitor duty contactors to reduce the magnitude of peak inrush current. This will reduce the thermal and electrical stress in the capacitors, cables and switchgear, which happens during each switching cycle. This also prevents the premature failure of capacitors and nuisance tripping of short circuit protection device. The above special selection for cables will also overcome the heating and losses that happens because of skin effect.

About the Author

author

Rajesh R Shirodkar,

DGM-Corporate Communication

Rajesh Shirodkar is a seasoned marketing and business leader with over 20 years of experience in the automation and electrical industry, spanning marketing communications, sales, business development, and software solution selling. He has led successful brand transformation initiatives and high-impact marketing programs, including branding and account-based marketing campaigns, as well as industry events that drive visibility, engagement, and growth. With expertise in brand building, lead generation, solution selling, and sales enablement, Rajesh is known for translating technology and business offerings into compelling value propositions and delivering sustainable growth through strong stakeholder collaboration.

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